An all-new edition of one of the most influential books in the earth sciences, endorsed by the International Association of Sedimentologists
Richly illustrated with hundreds of new images, this is a completely new edition of the well-known classic text Reading's Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy. The book again delivers an objective, thorough overview of the different ways in which sedimentary rocks are best described and interpreted via an understanding of sedimentary process using facies analysis. Throughout, this fourth edition covers the most recent work on sedimentary facies, processes and environments as well as the dynamics of stratigraphy, especially with respect to understanding preservation, extreme events, climate, tectonics and sea-level change. It includes extensive illustrations of the resulting 3D geometries using seismic imagery as well as outcrop and core data.
The main part of the book comprises specific chapters for each important depositional environment, from terrestrial to coastal and deep sea settings. Each chapter can be used independently, as each provides a standalone discussion of how to reconstruct a particular sedimentary environment through facies analysis of rock successions, cores, or in some cases, seismic data or vertical petrophysical log profiles.
New content in this edition covers:
- An overview of diverse methodologies of facies analysis and environmental reconstruction, including landscape system approaches, illustrated by extensive case studies
- Biogenic sedimentary structures, their formational processes and use in facies analysis
- A discussion of sequence stratigraphy methodology and the biases produced by the preservation filter on the sedimentary record
- Extraterrestrial sedimentology as illustrated by the sedimentary facies of Mars, the moons of Jupiter, and other solar system bodies
- Research directions and current developments in line with broad approaches to Earth Systems Science
Reading's Sedimentary Environments is a valuable learning resource for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and professionals in earth sciences, in particular geology, geochemistry, oceanography, and geoengineering. This book is endorsed and supported by the International Association of Sedimentologists (IAS), the premier professional organization in the field.
An all-new edition of one of the most influential books in the earth sciences, endorsed by the International Association of Sedimentologists
Richly illustrated with hundreds of new images, this is a completely new edition of the well-known classic text Reading's Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy. The book again delivers an objective, thorough overview of the different ways in which sedimentary rocks are best described and interpreted via an understanding of sedimentary process using facies analysis. Throughout, this fourth edition covers the most recent work on sedimentary facies, processes and environments as well as the dynamics of stratigraphy, especially with respect to understanding preservation, extreme events, climate, tectonics and sea-level change. It includes extensive illustrations of the resulting 3D geometries using seismic imagery as well as outcrop and core data.
The main part of the book comprises specific chapters for each important depositional environment, from terrestrial to coastal and deep sea settings. Each chapter can be used independently, as each provides a standalone discussion of how to reconstruct a particular sedimentary environment through facies analysis of rock successions, cores, or in some cases, seismic data or vertical petrophysical log profiles.
New content in this edition covers:
- An overview of diverse methodologies of facies analysis and environmental reconstruction, including landscape system approaches, illustrated by extensive case studies
- Biogenic sedimentary structures, their formational processes and use in facies analysis
- A discussion of sequence stratigraphy methodology and the biases produced by the preservation filter on the sedimentary record
- Extraterrestrial sedimentology as illustrated by the sedimentary facies of Mars, the moons of Jupiter, and other solar system bodies
- Research directions and current developments in line with broad approaches to Earth Systems Science
Reading's Sedimentary Environments is a valuable learning resource for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and professionals in earth sciences, in particular geology, geochemistry, oceanography, and geoengineering. This book is endorsed and supported by the International Association of Sedimentologists (IAS), the premier professional organization in the field.
Über den Autor
Bruce Levell is currently a Visiting Professor at the University of Oxford, UK, after having worked for Royal Dutch Shell for 35 years in various roles, including Chief Scientist Geology and being Vice President for Global New Ventures as well as Emerging Technologies.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
List of Contributors xxiii Foreword xxvii Preface xxix About the Companion Website xxxi 1 Introduction 1Bruce Levell Summary 1 1.1 Motivation for This Book 1 1.2 Structure of the Book 2 Further Reading 4 References 4 2 Facies Analysis - Principles and Practice 5Howard D. Johnson, Mike Mayall, and John J.G. Reijmer Summary 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Facies Analysis - Basic Concepts and Hierarchy 24 2.3 Methodologies and Applications 57 2.4 Depositional Models 63 2.5 Debatable Depositional Models 69 2.6 Case Studies 71 Further Reading 119 References 120 3 The Application of Biogenic Structures to Facies Analysis 133James A. MacEachern, Murray K. Gingras, and Kerrie L. Bann Summary 133 3.1 Introduction 133 3.2 Applications of Ichnology to Facies Analysis 136 3.3 Ichnological Frameworks 146 3.4 Ichnology and Sequence Stratigraphy 178 3.5 Applying an Integrated Ichnological-Sedimentological Approach to Facies Successions 179 3.6 Conclusions 187 Acknowledgements 187 References 187 4 The Stratigraphic Record: Preservation, Facies and Depositional Sequences 195Bruce Levell and Frans van Buchem Summary 195 4.1 Introduction 195 4.2 Facies Successions and Sequences - Understanding Stratigraphic Architecture 196 4.3 The Stratigraphic Record - Different Perspectives 212 4.4 Sequence Stratigraphic Methodology 223 4.5 The Sedimentary Record in Time - The Processes of Deposition and Preservation 245 4.6 Summary 259 Further Reading 260 References 260 5 Alluvial Sediments 269Martin R. Gibling, Alessandro Ielpi, Massimiliano Ghinassi, and Luis A. Buatois Summary 269 5.1 Introduction 269 5.2 Terminology 271 5.3 Common Fluvial Styles Around the World 275 5.4 Alluvial Processes 283 5.5 Facies Analysis: Conceptual Approach 292 5.6 Facies and Facies Successions 294 5.7 Facies Associations 302 5.8 Geomorphic Units 310 5.9 Alluvial Architecture 324 5.10 Palaeoflow Analysis 336 5.11 Trace Fossils in Alluvial Systems 341 5.12 Basin Architecture 347 5.13 Controls on Alluvial Systems 349 5.14 River Profiles and Preservation 353 5.15 Sequence Stratigraphy 356 5.16 Geological Applications 363 5.17 Anthropogenic Changes to Rivers 368 5.18 Areas of Future Research 371 Further Reading 372 References 372 6 Lake Environments 395Chenglin Gong, Shunli Li, Ronald J. Steel, Xinghe Yu, Luis A. Buatois, and Xiaomin Zhu Summary 395 6.1 Introduction 396 6.2 Environments 396 6.3 Processes 399 6.4 Facies 404 6.5 Lacustrine Sequence Stratigraphy 435 6.6 Controls 450 6.7 Geological Applications 452 Further Reading 453 References 454 7 Aeolian Environments 463Nigel P. Mountney, Grace I. E. Cosgrove, and Luca Colombera Summary 463 7.1 Introduction 464 7.2 Environments 468 7.3 Processes and Landforms 472 7.4 Facies 500 7.5 Architectural Elements and Bounding Surfaces 512 7.6 Aeolian Facies Models 522 7.7 Sequence Stratigraphy 530 7.8 Geological Applications 543 Further Reading 549 References 549 8 Sand-Rich Coasts and Shallow Clastic Seas 571Daniel S. Collins and Gary J. Hampson Summary 571 8.1 Introduction 572 8.2 Environments 574 8.3 Processes 587 8.4 Facies, Facies Associations, Facies Successions and Facies Models 610 8.5 Stratigraphic Patterns and Organisation ('Descriptive Sequence Stratigraphy') 632 8.6 Controls on Stratigraphic Organisation 647 8.7 Applications 651 8.8 Future Research Directions 655 Acknowledgements 656 Further Reading 656 References 656 9 Fine-Grained Siliciclastic Coastal and Shallow-Marine Sediments 671Bruce Levell and Guy Plint Summary 671 9.1 Introduction 672 9.2 Late Holocene Muddy Depositional Systems 681 9.3 Processes 690 9.4 Modern Mudstone Facies 700 9.5 Late Holocene Facies-Associations 707 9.6 Stratal Architecture and Facies - Ancient Examples 710 Further Reading 733 References 733 10 Marine Evaporite Systems 743Stephen W. Lokier and Marcello Natalicchio Summary 743 10.1 Introduction 743 10.2 Environments of Marine Evaporite Formation 744 10.3 Processes of Marine Evaporite Formation 752 10.4 Marine Evaporite Facies 780 10.5 Stratigraphic Architecture of Evaporite Sequences 794 10.6 Evaporite Sequence Stratigraphic Models 798 10.7 Applications 817 Further Reading 819 References 820 11 Marine Carbonates 839Frans van Buchem, John J.G. Reijmer, and Emmanuelle Vennin Summary 839 11.1 Introduction 839 11.2 Descriptive Terminology and Classification Systems 841 11.3 Chemical and Mineralogical Aspects 850 11.4 Biological and Physical Aspects 866 11.5 Marine Carbonate Factories 874 11.6 Marine Carbonate Facies Models and Depositional Environments 891 11.7 Stratigraphic Architecture 933 11.8 Concluding Remarks 961 Further Reading 962 References 963 12 Deep-Water Detrital Systems 1033David M. Hodgson, Elda Miramontes, Ian A. Kane, and Christopher A.-L. Jackson Summary 1033 12.1 Introduction 1033 12.2 Environmental Configurations 1038 12.3 Sediment Transport Processes 1050 12.4 Bedforms and Bed Types 1059 12.5 Architectural Elements and Hierarchy 1072 12.6 Stratigraphic Controls 1082 12.6.4 Subsurface Case Studies 1090 Further Reading 1094 References 1095 13 Pelagic Environments 1109Stuart A. Robinson Summary 1109 13.1 Introduction 1109 13.2 Modern Pelagic Sedimentation: Processes and Products 1111 13.3 Modern Pelagic Depositional Environments and Sediment Distribution 1131 13.4 The Geological Record of Pelagic Sedimentation: Processes and Products 1135 13.5 Facies Associations and Successions of Pelagic Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks from Cores and Outcrops 1150 13.6 Significance and Applications of Pelagic Sediments and Environments 1173 Further Reading 1179 References 1180 14 Glacial Landsystems 1191Bethan Davies, Clare Boston, and Daniel Paul Le Heron Summary 1191 14.1 Introduction 1191 14.2 Characteristics of Glaciers 1192 14.3 Processes 1198 14.4 Glacial Facies Analysis 1210 14.5 Glacial Landsystems 1216 14.6 Conclusions 1252 Further Reading 1252 References 1253 15 Extraterrestrial Sedimentology 1269Mathieu Lapôtre, Lauren Edgar, and Sanjeev Gupta Summary 1269 15.1 Introduction 1269 15.2 Sediment Transport Processes in the Solar System 1274 15.3 Sedimentary Geology of Mars 1289 15.4 Other Sedimentary Systems in the Solar System 1309 15.5 The Future of Planetary Sedimentology: From Earth Outwards and Back 1315 Further Reading 1317 References 1318 Index 1339 Afterword 1357
