About our authorsWilliam S. Klug is an Emeritus Professor of Biology at The College of New Jersey (formerly Trenton State College) in Ewing, New Jersey, where he served as Chair of the Biology Department for 17 years. He received his B.A. degree in Biology from Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana, and his Ph.D. from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. Prior to coming to The College of New Jersey, he was on the faculty of Wabash College, where he first taught genetics, as well as general biology and electron microscopy. His research interests have involved ultrastructural and molecular genetic studies of development, utilizing oogenesis in Drosophila as a model system. He has taught the genetics course as well as the senior capstone seminar course in Human and Molecular Genetics to undergraduate biology majors for over four decades. He was the recipient in 2001 of the first annual teaching award given at The College of New Jersey, granted to the faculty member who “most challenges students to achieve high standards.” He also received the 2004 Outstanding Professor Award from Sigma Pi International, and in the same year, he was nominated as the Educator of the Year, an award given by the Research and Development Council of New Jersey. When not revising one of his textbooks, immersed in the literature of genetics, or trying to avoid double bogies, Dr. Klug can sometimes be found paddling in the Gulf of Mexico or in Maine’s Penobscot Bay.Michael R. Cummings is a Research Professor in the Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences at Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois. For more than 25 years, he was a faculty member in the Department of Biological Sciences and in the Department of Molecular Genetics at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He has also served on the faculties of Northwestern University and Florida State University. He received his B.A. from St. Mary’s College in Winona, Minnesota, and his M.S. and Ph.D. from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. In addition to this text, he has written textbooks in human genetics and general biology. His research interests center on the molecular organization and physical mapping of the heterochromatic regions of human acrocentric chromosomes. At the undergraduate level, he teaches courses in molecular genetics, human genetics, and general biology, and has received numerous awards for teaching excellence given by university faculty, student organizations, and graduating seniors. When not teaching or writing, Dr. Cummings can often be found far offshore fishing for the one that got away.Charlotte A. Spencer is a retired Associate Professor from the Department of Oncology at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. She has also served as a faculty member in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Alberta. She received her [...]. in Microbiology from the University of British Columbia and her Ph.D. in Genetics from the University of Alberta, followed by postdoctoral training at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington. Her research interests involve the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription in cancer cells, cells infected with DNA viruses, and cells traversing the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. She has taught undergraduate and graduate courses in biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and oncology. She has also written booklets in the Prentice Hall Exploring Biology series. When not writing and editing contributions to genetics textbooks, Dr. Spencer works on her hazelnut farm and enjoys the peace and quiet of a remote Island off the west coast of British Columbia.Michael A. Palladino is Vice Provost for Graduate Studies, former Dean of the School of Science, and Professor of Biology at Monmouth University in West Long Branch, New Jersey. He received his B.S. degree in Biology from The College of New Jersey and his Ph.D. in Anatomy and

Brief Contents Part One—Genes, Chromosomes, and Heredity

1. Introduction to Genetics
2. Mitosis and Meiosis
3. Mendelian Genetics
4. Extensions of Mendelian Genetics
5. Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes
6. Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages
7. Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes
8. Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement
9. Extranuclear Inheritance

Part Two—DNA: Structure, Replication, and Organization

1. DNA Structure and Analysis
2. DNA Replication and Recombination
3. DNA Organization in Chromosomes

Part Three—Gene Expression and Its Regulation

1. The Genetic Code and Transcription
2. Translation and Proteins
3. Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition
4. Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria
5. Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes
6. Post-transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes
7. Epigenetic Regulation in Eukaryotes

Part Four—Genomics

1. Recombinant DNA Technology
2. Genomic Analysis
3. Applications of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Part Five—Genetics of Organisms and Populations

1. Developmental Genetics
2. Cancer Genetics
3. Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits
4. Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Special Topics in Modern Genetics

• ST1 CRISPR and Genomic Editing
• ST2 DNA Forensics
• ST3 Genomics and Precision Medicine
• ST4 Genetically Modified Foods
• ST5 Gene Therapy
• ST6 Advances in Neurogenetics: The Study of Huntington Disease

Appendix A Selected Readings Appendix B Answers to Selected Problems